gipf The game of Gipf title The game of Gipf keywords introduction text Gipf is an abstract mind game for two players. The game was made by Kris Burm and is published by Don&Co. It is a relatively young game (made in 1997). In terms of complexity it can be compared to draughts or othello, and in terms of strategic depth to chess or go. In this lesson you will learn the rules and see some simple strategies. conclusion figure <img src="http://www.gipf.com/gipf/pictures/images/gipf_box_version2_350.jpg" /> about <h5>About this course</h5> This course was made by Angelo Wentzler. It uses the following kinds of adaptivity: whenever a lesson is visited after the first time, keywords will appear. The course also incorporates a visual-verbal learning style (must be user selected) and a global-sequential learning style (must also be user selected). This course is unfinished; Some illustrations are missing and have [placeholder] text describing them. Gipf notation title Gipf notation keywords introduction text (To be filled in later) conclusion figure The rules question ? title The rules keywords gipf, rules introduction In this part of the course you will learn the rules of gipf. text The rules of Gipf are quite simple, although the game itself is not. conclusion This part of the course describes the rules of Gipf. figure The objective title The objective keywords gipf, rules, objective introduction text The objective of the game is to either make your opponent run out of pieces, or to capture their last Gipf piece. As soon as you achieve either of these, you win the game. conclusion figure The turn sequence title The turn sequence keywords gipf, rules, turn introduction Players take turns beginning with the white player. A turn consists of three (possibly empty) parts. text When a player begins their turn, first they capture/recycle if they have to. Then they introduce a piece onto the board. If a player can't do this, they lose the game. After the new piece has entered the game the player once more captures/recycles if they have to. conclusion So a turn consists of three parts, with the first and third usually empty. The white player takes the first turn. figure This is what a turn looks like: <img src="http://www.stack.nl/~angelo/ego/pics/gipf-course-turnseq.gif" /> If you can't introduce a piece you lose the game. Introducing a piece description To introduce a piece, first you put it on a dot. Then you slide it onto the actual board along one of the lines. If you would slide a piece onto an occupied spot, you must first make room for it by moving that piece along the same line to the next spot. If that is occupied as well you must also move that piece, and so on. Pieces cannot be moved off the board, so if an entire line of spots is filled with pieces, you cannot introduce a piece along that line anymore until a spot is freed again. title Introducing a piece keywords gipf, rules, move introduction Each turn you must introduce a piece onto the board. If you can't you immediately lose the game. text Whenever you introduce a piece you have a choice what type of piece you introduce. For your first move you can only choose a Gipf piece, since you must always have at least one Gipf piece in play. As long as you haven't played any other pieces you can continue to play Gipf pieces, or you can play a single (basic) piece. As soon as you have played a basic piece, you can only play basic pieces anymore. In other words, you must consider carefully the number of Gipf pieces you want to play with, since once you switch to basic pieces you can never switch back. conclusion Each turn you must introduce a piece onto the board. If you can't you immediately lose the game. figure <table> <tr> <td><img src="http://www.stack.nl/~angelo/ego/pics/gipf-course-dots.jpg" /></td> <td><img src="http://www.stack.nl/~angelo/ego/pics/gipf-course-introduce.jpg" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Start by putting a piece onto a dot</td> <td>Then push it into the board along one of the lines</td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="http://www.stack.nl/~angelo/ego/pics/gipf-course-okmoves.gif" /></td> <td><img src="http://www.stack.nl/~angelo/ego/pics/gipf-course-blockedline.gif" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Make room on the board by first shifting any pieces that are in the way.</td> <td>If all spots along a line are occupied, you cannot add more pieces to it; the line is blocked.</td> </tr> </table> Recycling and capturing pieces title Recycling and capturing pieces keywords gipf, rules, recycling, capturing introduction In Gipf, replenishing your reserve and capturing opponent's pieces happen at the same time. text As soon as you have four of your pieces in a row, you must recycle them. You can only recycle in your own turn, so if your opponent puts four of your pieces in a row, you must wait until the beginning of your own turn. conclusion So in Gipf, the same action (making four in a row) serves two purposes: replenishing your reserve and capturing opponent's pieces. figure <table> <tr> <td><img src="http://www.stack.nl/~angelo/ego/pics/gipf-course-captureoptions1.jpg" /></td> <td><img src="http://www.stack.nl/~angelo/ego/pics/gipf-course-captureoptions2.jpg" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Four in a row: basic pieces must be removed, Gipf pieces are optional. Any pieces extending the row of four must also be taken off the board regardless of colour. Your own pieces go back into your reserve while your opponent's pieces are captured.</td> <td>Multiple rows at once are handled one by one. In the above figure removing line 1 first would cause the rest to break up, while removing 3 first would still leave 2 but break up line 1.</td> </tr> </table> If you capture your opponent's last Gipf piece you immediately win the game. description Each basic piece in the row of four MUST be taken off the board. They are returned to your reserve. If you have any Gipf pieces in the row of four you can decide whether you want to recycle them or if you want to keep them on the board. In addition, any pieces extending the row of four must also be taken off the board regardless of colour (again, you can leave Gipfs on the board if you like, even those of your opponent). If these pieces are your opponent's, they are captured and removed from the game. This way you permanently reduce the size of their reserve, bringing them closer to defeat. If for some reason you have two or more rows of four at the same time, you must handle them one by one. You can only recycle a row of four that is still intact when you get around to it, so when two rows cross this usually means you can recycle only one of them, unless of course the shared piece is a Gipf. You choose the order in which to recycle multiple rows. If you capture your opponent's last Gipf piece you immediately win the game. Ending the game title Ending the game keywords gipf, rules, winning introduction text As soon as one player is unable to introduce a piece when they have to, they lose and the game is over. A player also loses when their last Gipf piece is captured. Finally, a player can concede the match to their opponent. conclusion figure Gipf strategy text In this section you will encounter some simple strategies that have so far been discovered. You will also learn more about the duality of the game of gipf. This section also contains a few gipf problems that should offer some insight. conclusion Gipf is still a young game, so these strategies are still simple. figure introduction Gipf is still a young game, nevertheless strategies are emerging. keywords gipf, strategy title Gipf strategy problems title problems keywords introduction text (this will eventually contain some problems) conclusion figure Board versus reserve title Board versus reserve keywords gipf, strategy, board, reserve introduction text If you introduce a piece, you strengthen your position on the board, but you reduce your supply of pieces in your reserve. When you recycle, you replenish your reserve and possibly capture pieces, but you weaken your position on the board. This duality is characterizing for the game. Depending on the situation you will try to starve your opponent (keep them from recycling) or try to capture their pieces. Pieces are undoubtedly more useful on the board than in your reserve. You should take care not to recycle too soon, even when you can capture a piece. If you weaken yourself too much, you could end up losing more than you captured in the long run. In any case, try to avoid taking just your own pieces when you recycle. Conversely, try to weaken your opponent's position by putting four of their pieces in a row and forcing them to recycle. conclusion figure [Small (opp.) reserve: starve / large reserve: capture. Also: recycling without capturing is bad.] Basic pieces versus Gipf pieces title Basic pieces versus Gipf pieces keywords gipf, strategy, basic piece, gipf piece introduction text Because you can leave Gipf pieces on the board when you recycle, this allows you to partially preserve your board position. This means that Gipf pieces are stronger than basic pieces, especially in groups. The price you pay for this is that you will use up your reserve at twice the rate if you introduce a lot of Gipf pieces, and if your Gipf pieces get spread out too much you might have trouble recycling. Even though Gipf pieces provide a more stable board position, you can occupy more of the board with single pieces. With single pieces it is easier to overwhelm your opponent with sheer numbers. The price you pay for this is that your board position is much less stable. If you have a lot of basic pieces on the board your opponent has lots of opportunities to make you recycle them and weaken your position. So large clusters of basic pieces are a weakness in your position, while clusters of Gipf pieces are strong. Most experienced players play 3 or 4 Gipf pieces. The fewer Gipf pieces you play the easier it becomes to lose by having all your Gipf pieces captured and the more you play the easier it becomes to lose by starvation. 3 or 4 Gipf pieces is seen as a good compromise. Players who deviate from this usually play more Gipf pieces, not less, because it is usually easier to recycle superfluous Gipf pieces than to avoid having a Gipf captured. Note that by recycling Gipf pieces you can continue to play Gipf pieces for a long time, and some players do this if they manage to keep their Gipf pieces clustered. It is extremely rare to play only one Gipf, although a notable exception is Andre de Laet. He used a single Gipf strategy to become the 2003 world champion and prolong his title in 2004. conclusion figure [somehow show the duality between clusters of Gipf pieces (strong) and clusters of basic pieces (weak). Some text may need to be reused.] Blocked lines title Blocked lines keywords gipf, strategy, blocked lines introduction text Whenever a line is completely filled with pieces it is blocked. Pieces can no longer be shifted along that line, and they are safe from attack along that line. A common way to defend a piece being attacked is by deliberately blocking the line from the other side of the board. Once you have a blocked line part of the board has stabilized, allowing you to focus on particular spots more easily. In a game where everything constantly shifts, this is extremely useful. For this reason blocked lines are a very important part of Gipf strategy. There are three ways to exploit a blocked line. The first is to trap a piece (usually a Gipf) in a blocked line in order to attack it. Since the piece is not as mobile anymore, it is easier to attack from a crossing line. Second, a blocked line that is almost completely one color often prevents those pieces from recycling. So when a player is trying to recycle it is often a good idea to put their pieces in a blocked line with just one of yours preventing them from making a row of four. Third and most importantly, often there are already three pieces of a color on a blocked line, and all that remains is to change the remaining spot to the correct color to be able to capture the rest of the line. A fight for that spot ensues, where one player tries to make four in a row and the other tries to prevent it. Such a fight is often easiest won by the attacker when the contended spot is near the edge. conclusion figure [show blocked lines with: successfully defended piece, Gipf that can't flee, "trapped" (unrecyclable) pieces, contended spots near edge and center.] Forced moves title Forced moves keywords gipf, strategy, forced moves introduction text Sooner or later a player will begin to run out of pieces. The player's moves become forced as their primary aim is now avoiding starvation. This is the perfect time to mount an attack, for a player who has to recycle will often not have the luxury to spend valuable pieces on defense. The most common way to capitalize is to create a row of three attacking one or more pieces when the opponent has only one piece left in their reserve. Since they must recycle on their next move you can capture pieces for free. Another way is to reduce a player's options by disturbing their formations. This way the player is forced to recycle along a particular line, often unblocking lines where you can capture pieces. Of course a good player never lets things come this far and the very best actually mount their own attack while trying to recycle. Players who only have one Gipf remaining in play, often end up making forced moves for another reason: to defend their last Gipf. conclusion figure [show some positions where one player has only 1 option for a move.] Combining games keywords gipf, combining games title Combining games figure conclusion text Gipf is not just a game, it is also the name of a collection of games that can be combined with it. Each game is a standalone game, but has an extra Gipf piece associated with it. These extra pieces are called potentials. Each potential has a special move that can be made once per game. The special move is related to the game the potential is named after. Currently there are four such games and potentials (with a fifth and last planned) called Tamsk, Zertz, Dvonn and Yinsh. In the original vision of the creator a potential could only be used if you first won the corresponding game. You'd pause your game of Gipf, in other words, and play the other game first. Then, depending on whether you won or lost, you either got to use the special move of the potential, or it would be taken off the board. introduction Adding potentials to a game title Adding potentials to a game keywords gipf, potentials introduction text Potentials look like a basic piece with an extra marking on the top. They are placed on top of a basic piece and form a two-piece stack just like a Gipf. Such a stack is called a loaded piece. Loaded pieces can be left on the board when capturing/recycling, just like Gipf pieces. However, a row of four pieces that has only Gipfs and loaded pieces must be broken up: at least one of them must be taken off the board. So the recycling behavior of loaded pieces is somewhere between basic pieces (must always be recycled) and Gipf pieces (never have to be recycled). Before playing a game both players must agree how many potentials and of which type they will use. It is common to agree upon a single potential type and use six of them. Loaded pieces must be introduced after Gipf pieces but before single pieces. If more than one kind of potential is used, the players switch from one potential to another in a fixed order. Once you switch to the next type of piece you can never switch back. conclusion figure The Tamsk potential description The Tamsk potential looks like a basic piece, but with two concentric grooves on the top. title The Tamsk potential keywords gipf, potentials, tamsk introduction text If you play with more than one kind of potential, the Tamsk is always the last one before switching to basic pieces. The special move of a Tamsk piece is the ability to take an "extra turn". Whenever you succeed in moving one of your Tamsk pieces onto the central spot (e5), you may immediately take the potential off the top and introduce it as a single piece. You do this before checking if you have to recycle, so if you made a row of four using a Tamsk can disturb the row of four again before you get to recycle. If your extra move moves another Tamsk onto the central spot you can use that one as well, and so on. The single Tamsk potential pieces that have been used are removed from the game when they are recycled or captured. conclusion figure <img src="http://www.gipf.com/project_gipf/potentials/images/tamskpot.jpg" /> The Zertz potential description The Zertz potential looks like a basic piece with 3 notches equally spread around the rim. title The Zertz potential keywords gipf, potentials, zertz introduction text If you play with more than one kind of potential, the Zertz is always the first one after the Gipf pieces. The special move of a Zertz piece is the ability to jump over other pieces. Instead of introducing a new piece, you may take the potential off any Zertz piece and put it on an empty spot on the board as a single piece. You can't just put it on any spot though, it must jump over a consecutive row of pieces on the board onto the first empty spot encountered. A Zertz potential must always jump over at least one piece so you may not put it right next to the piece it came from. The single Zertz potential pieces that have been used are removed from the game when they are recycled or captured. conclusion figure <img src="http://www.gipf.com/project_gipf/potentials/images/zertzpot.jpg" /> The Dvonn potential title The Dvonn potential keywords gipf, potentials, dvonn introduction text If you play with more than one kind of potential, the Dvonn comes right before the Tamsk, or, if you don't use them, right before the basic pieces. The special move of a Dvonn piece is the ability to capture a neighbouring piece. Instead of introducing a new piece, you may take the potential off any Dvonn piece and put it on an adjacent piece. You can't just put it on any piece though: it must either be an opponent's basic piece, an opponent's Dvonn piece, or a stack of pieces with an opponent's Dvonn potential on top. Such a stack can have any height, and the top piece determines which player controls it. Whenever a captured piece is part of a row of four, only the top piece is removed. This way contol of the stack changes back and forth between the players, and recycling can reveal a new row of four of the opposite color. Single Dvonn potential pieces that are captured are removed from the game. conclusion figure [picture of a Dvonn potential] description The Dvonn potential looks like a basic piece with a hole in the center. The Yinsh potential description The Yinsh potential looks like a basic piece with a single radial groove added. title The Yinsh potential keywords gipf, potentials, yinsh introduction text If you play with more than one kind of potential, the Yinsh comes right after the Zertz, or, if you don't use them, right after the Gipf pieces. The special move of a Yinsh piece is the ability to jump over empty spots. Instead of introducing a new piece, you may take the potential off any Yinsh piece and put it on an empty spot on the board as a single piece. You can only put it on an empty spot that is reachable in a straight line from the Yinsh piece without jumping over any other pieces. The single Yinsh potential pieces that have been used are removed from the game when they are recycled or captured. conclusion figure [picture of a Yinsh potential] The game materials keywords gipf, materials introduction In this part you will learn about the materials needed for Gipf. text Gipf does not require a lot of materials: a board and pieces. (This is quite typical for abstract mind games.) conclusion In this part you will learn about the materials needed for Gipf. figure title The game materials The board title The board keywords gipf, materials, board introduction Gipf is played on a hexagonal board. text The board is divided into small triangles by 3 intersecting sets of 7 parallel lines. The board positions are the places where two or more of these lines cross or meet; these are called "spots". Around the board, at the ends of the lines, are black circles which are called "dots"; these are not part of the playing field but used to get pieces onto the board. Each vertical line (including the two rows of dots on each side) has a letter for notation purposes, labeled a though i from left to right. Spots along a line are numbered sequentially from bottom to top. conclusion figure <img src="http://www.stack.nl/~angelo/ego/pics/empty_board2.jpg" /> The pieces title The pieces keywords gipf, materials, pieces introduction Each player gets 18 identical pieces in their color (black or white). text The pieces are bakelite disks with a groove in the top surface, and a ridge on the bottom surface. With them the players can make either a basic piece (single disk) or Gipf piece (stack of two disks). The ridge and groove in each piece facilitates the sliding of stacked pieces. conclusion Each player gets 18 basic pieces in their color (black or white). figure <table> <tr> <td><img src="http://www.stack.nl/~angelo/ego/pics/basic_piece.jpg" /></td> <td><img src="http://www.stack.nl/~angelo/ego/pics/gipf_piece.jpg" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>basic piece</td> <td>Gipf piece</td> </tr> </table> [settings] title [settings] keywords introduction This is not a part of the lesson. Here you choose settings and preferences. text conclusion (This is not a part of the lesson.) figure textglobseq global-sequential: are you a global learner or a sequential learner? Choose the proper subconcept to set this option. textvisverb visual-verbal: are you a visual learner or a verbal learner? Choose the proper subconcept to set this option. textvisual Your current setting is 'visual'. textverbal Your current setting is 'verbal'. textneutral Your current setting is 'neutral'. textglobal Your current setting is 'global'. textsequential Your current setting is 'sequential'. visverb-visual title visverb-visual keywords introduction text The system will now consider you a visual learner. conclusion figure visverb-neutral title visverb-neutral keywords introduction text The system will now consider you a visual/verbal neutral learner. conclusion figure visverb-verbal title visverb-verbal keywords introduction text The system will now consider you a verbal learner. conclusion figure globseq-global title globseq-global keywords introduction text The system will now consider you a global learner. conclusion figure globseq-neutral title globseq-neutral keywords introduction text The system will now consider you a global/sequential neutral learner. conclusion figure globseq-sequential 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